Investment funds can invest in multiple asset classes or a single asset class. For funds with a single asset class, the fund mandate describes the asset class (e.g. equity, cash or property). For funds with multiple asset classes, the fund mandate describes the investment risk profile (e.g. cautious, moderate or aggressive):
CONSERVATIVE: Conservative investments provide modest returns with a high degree of capital security. A typical portfolio will consist primarily of income orientated asset classes such as cash, bonds and property, with very little exposure to equities. The expected return may be close to inflation. There is therefore a risk that the real value of an investment may reduce over time, after taking fees and taxes into consideration.
CAUTIOUS: Cautious investments provide stable returns with limited risk of capital loss. A typical portfolio will consist primarily of income orientated asset classes such as cash, bonds and property, with limited exposure to equities.
MODERATE: Moderate investments should generate real returns by outperforming inflation over the longer term, but will at times experience short-term negative returns. A typical portfolio is diversified over all major asset classes to provide a balance between risk and return. There is a moderate risk of capital losses in the short term.
MODERATELY AGGRESSIVE: Moderately aggressive investments can have a fair amount of fluctuations in the short-term returns, in anticipation of higher real returns over the long -term. A typical portfolio is diversified over all major asset classes, with a bias towards equities to create real capital growth over the long term. There is a substantial risk of capital losses in the short -term.
AGGRESSIVE: Aggressive investments aims to maximise real return over the long term, but may experience severe short-term negative returns. A typical portfolio is diversified over all major asset classes, with a strong bias towards equities in order to significantly outperform inflation over the long term. There is a significant risk of capital losses in the short term.